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Peter, originally named Simon, was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ and played a crucial role in the early Christian church. He was the son of Jonah (or John) and the brother of Andrew, who introduced him to Jesus (Jhn.1.40-42). Jesus gave him the name Cephas (Aramaic) or Peter (Greek), which means "rock" (Jhn.1.42, Mat.16.18). Peter was a fisherman from Bethsaida in Galilee (Jhn.1.44) and was married (Mat.8.14; 1Co.9.5). He became one of Jesus' closest disciples, known for his bold faith and leadership. He was part of Jesus' inner circle, witnessing key events such as the Transfiguration (Mat.17.1-9) and Jesus' prayer in Gethsemane (Mrk.14.32-42). Despite his devotion, Peter denied knowing Jesus three times during Jesus' trial (Luk.22.54-62). After Jesus' resurrection, Peter was restored and commissioned to lead the church (Jhn.21.15-19). On the day of Pentecost, Peter preached powerfully, and about 3,000 people were baptized (Act.2.14-41). Peter was instrumental in spreading the gospel to both Jews and Gentiles. He performed miracles (Act.3.1-10; 9.32-43) and defended the inclusion of Gentiles in the church (Acts 10-11; Act.15.7-11). He wrote two epistles, 1 and 2 Peter, to encourage and instruct believers facing persecution. Tradition holds that Peter was martyred in Rome during Nero's reign, crucified upside down at his request, as he felt unworthy to die in the same manner as Jesus.

Names, relations and descriptions from TIPNR by STEP Bible / Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0